第二辑 直抵心灵的真相 Volume 2: Truth That Touches Your Heart
20世纪以前，人类认为物体的颜色是和心识无关的客观存在。
Before the 20th century, people believed that colors existed objectively, independent of the mind.
无论是白天或者黑夜，物体的颜色都是存在的。
Whether it is day or night, an object's color is always there.
当有光明的时候，我们便可以看到物体的颜色。
When there is light, we could see its color.
就是现在，多数人在不假思索的情况下，仍然是这样认为的。
Even today, most people still believe this without pondering.
但是，20世纪随着物理学和人体科学的发展，人类认识到：物体的所谓颜色只不过是某种光波与眼根相互作用而在心中产主的视觉反应而已。
However, with the development of physics and physiology in the 20th century, humans realized that the so-called color is just a visual response in the mind that is produced by the interaction of certain light waves and the visual faculty.
颜色也是一种与心识有关的现象。
Color is also a phenomenon that is related to the mind.
现在，再从以下十点详细分析一下
Now, let's analyze from the following ten aspects in detail.
第一，眼根，包括眼球、视神经、脑皮层视区，它们都是由细胞组成，属于物质实体。
First, the visual faculty, including the eyeballs, optic nerves, and the visual area of the cerebral cortex, are all composed of cells and are matter.
这是外根，又名浮尘根，是由粗显的物质所组成。
This is the external faculty, also known as the sense organ, which is composed of gross substances.
眼根还有内根，又名净色根，是一种极其微细的物质，肉眼不可见，天眼可见之。
Besides, there is also the internal visual faculty, also known as the pure-form faculty, which is an extremely fine substance that is invisible to the physical eye but visible to the heavenly eye.
第二，色尘，是指与眼根相互作用产生视觉的可见光波。
Second, visible forms refer to the visible light waves that interact with the visual faculty to produce vision.
由物理学可知：色尘是波长 380—780纳米之间的电磁波。
According to physics, a visible form is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between 380 and 780 nanometers.
在这个范围之内的电磁波就叫做可见光；
The electromagnetic waves within this range are called visible light.
超出这个范围之外的人类感受不到，就不叫可见光（像红外线、紫外线）。但其他的动物可能感受得到，能产生视觉反应。
Those outside this range cannot be perceived by humans (such as infrared and ultraviolet light), thus are not called visible light. However, other animals may be able to sense them and produce a visual response.
这种可见光波对正常人的眼根产生作用时，会产生视觉。
When these visible light waves interact with the visual faculty of normal humans, vision is produced.
超出这个范围之外的电磁波，对正常人的眼根产生作用时，就无法产生视觉，就是没有任何反应。
When the electromagnetic waves outside this range interact with our visual faculty, vision cannot be produced, namely, nothing happens.
总之，色尘是专指可见光波，是有可能产生视觉反应的不同频率的电磁波。 In short, visible forms specifically refer to visible light waves, which are electromagnetic waves of different frequencies that can produce visual responses.
第三，光波通过眼球折射到了视网膜上，视网膜上的感光细胞接收光波，
Third, the light waves are refracted by the eyeball and reach the retina, and the photoreceptor cells on the retina receive the light waves.
视网膜上有无数个感光细胞接收不同的光子，接收不同的能量，
There are countless photoreceptor cells on the retina that receive different photons and different energies.
然后，通过视神经，传达到大脑的感光区，由受心所产生了感受，由想心所变现出色境。
Then, through the optic nerve, the information is transmitted to the visual cortex of the brain, where a sensation is produced by the mental factor of feeling and a visual object is produced by the mental factor of perception.
要注意，色境和色尘是不同的两个概念，
It should be noted that the visual object and the visible form are different.
色境是由眼根与色尘相触后，由触心所、作意心所、受心所的引发，由想心所变现的境相。
The visual object is an image produced by the mental factor of perception, after the the visual faculty interacts with the visible form, and is triggered by the mental factors of contact, attention, and feeling.
色境是境相，是眼识的相分。
The visual object is an image, perceived by the visual consciousness.
第四，物体只是产生色境的一个助缘，任何境相都要通过眼根来呈现。
Fourth, physical objects are only conditions for producing visual objects. Any image needs to be manifested by the visual faculty.
当人类作意用眼睛去对准某个事物时，这个事物本身并没有颜色，并没有色境。
When humans attentively use their eyes to focus on something, that thing itself doesn't have color or visual object.
这个事物只是对某些频率的光波有反射作用，而对其他频率的光波有吸收作用。
It only reflects certain frequencies of light waves and absorbs others.
当反射回来的光波射入我们的眼睛，产生了视觉反应，才能变现出境相。
Only when the reflected light waves enter our eyes and produce visual responses can an image be manifested.
一切外在的世间万物所呈现出的境相都是人类的想心所变现出来的，外面没有色境。
All the images of external phenomena are produced by the mental factor of perception. There is no visual object externally.
例如，天上的月球 ，不管我们看不看它，它都在那里。月球是存在的，
For example, the moon exists in the sky whether we look at it or not.
但是，只有当我们看它的时候，月球反射的太阳光进入眼睛，产生视觉之后，才能叫月亮，
But only when we look at it and the sunlight it reflects enters our eyes to produce vision, can we call it "shining moon".
不看它的时候，只能叫月不亮。
When we don't look at it, we can only call it "shineless moon".
比如，阴历三十晚上，太阳照向月球的光波全部被地球挡住了，月球同样挂在天上，不管我们看不看它，只能叫月不亮。
For example, on the 30th night of the lunar calendar, all the sunlight shining on the moon is blocked by the earth. The moon is still hanging in the sky, but whether we look at it or not, we can only call it "shineless moon".
我们可以从这里可以开始去理解什么叫"一切境相皆是唯心所造"。
Based on this, we can start to understand what is meant by "all forms are created by the mind only".
第五，当光波进入眼睛的强度不同，便有色境明暗的不同；
Fifth, when the intensity of the light waves entering the eyes is different, the brightness of the visual object will be different.
当物体运动时，物体反射的光波进入眼睛后，产生的色境也会随之变化。
When an object is in motion, after the light waves it reflects enter the eyes, the visual object produced will also change accordingly.
第六，不同动物对相同频率的光波的视觉反应是有差别的。最有代表性的是猫科动物。例如，它们对红外线就会产生视觉。
Sixth, different animals have different visual responses to light waves of the same frequency. The most representative example is the cat family, who can see infrared light.
还有其他维度的生命，如鬼神道、阿修罗道、天人道等，对于电磁波的视觉反应更加不一样。
Besides, beings in other dimensions, such as ghosts, asuras, and gods, have more different visual responses to electromagnetic waves.
第七，当我们闭上眼睛或者在没有光线的地方张开眼睛，只要我们把注意力放在视觉上，作意去看的时候，便可以看见黑暗。
Seventh, when we close our eyes or open them in a dark place, as long as we focus on our vision and look attentively, we can see darkness.
所谓的眼前一片漆黑，也就是说，在这种情况下，仍然可以产生视觉。
The so-called "darkness in front of our eyes" means that even in this situation, vision can still be produced.
没有视觉的时候也很多，比如，睡着了无梦时，闭上眼睛，想事情，吃东西，或听音乐等，都没有视觉。
There are also many situations where we have no vision, such as in dreamless sleep, when we close our eyes and think, eat, or listen to music.
第八，看见黑暗与看见虚空是不同的。
Eighth, seeing darkness and seeing void are different.
见到黑暗是有色境的，是漆黑的境相。
Darkness is a visual object, which is a dark image.
看见虚空，是没有色境的，这种境相叫空境。
Void, on the other hand, is devoid of visual object, which is called void object.
无色界四空天的众生就是这样，
The beings in the four formless realms have this experience.
他们在无色界的禅定当中，识无边处天、空无边处天，无所有处天、非想非非想处天，什么色境都没有，但是他们能感受到不同层次的空境。
They abide in the concentration of the formless realms - infinite consciousness, infinite space, nothingness, and "neither perception nor non-perception", there is no visual object, but they can feel different levels of void.
第九，失明者是眼根（包括眼球、视神经、脑皮层视区）损坏的人，只要他们把注意力放在视觉上，作意去看的时候，也同样可以看见黑暗。
Ninth, blind people are those whose visual faculty (including the eye balls, optic nerves, and visual cortex) are damaged. However, if they focus their attention on the vision and look attentively, they can also see darkness.
这是因为视觉功能是心的功能之一，失明者并不因为眼根的损坏而完全失去视觉功能。
This is because the visual function is one of the functions of the mind. Blind people don't completely lose their vision due to the damage of their visual faculty.
眼根只是产生视觉的物质条件之一。
The visual faculty is only one of the material conditions for producing vision.
如果失明者修习禅定，天眼修出来以后，不仅能看见，还可以看见很远的事物。
If a blind person practices meditation and develops the heavenly eye, he can not only see but also see things in the distance.
第十，在睡梦中，浮尘根没起作用，净色根起作用，人类的想心所也可以变现色境，产生视觉，
Tenth, in a dream, the eye organ is not functioning, but the internal visual faculty is functioning, and the mental factor of perception can manifest visual objects, producing vision.
有一些后天失明者，在睡梦中，做梦一样可以产生视觉，看到事物。
Some acquired blind individuals can also generate vision and see things in their dreams.
通常情况下，人类本能地以为色境在外面，跟心没有关系，是"客观存在"。
Usually, humans instinctively believe that visual objects exist outside of the mind and are "objective existence".
现在，我们知道了，色境并不是被我们看见的"客观存在"，色境是人类的想心所变现出来的，属于心识的活动，
Now, we know that visual objects are not "objective existence" that we see, but are created by the mental factor of perception, and belong to mental activities.
所以，色境是心法。而色尘是色法，不属于心法。
Therefore, visual objects are mental phenomena; while visible forms are material phenomena, not mental phenomena.
例如，在睡梦中，在没有醒来之前，人类本能地以为梦境是客观存在的；老虎来追你的时候，你肯定吓得跑得快，你认为老虎在外面，真实有的。
For example, before waking up from a dream, humans instinctively believe that the dream exists objectively. When a tiger is chasing you, you definitely run faster, because you think the tiger is real and outside of your mind.
但是醒来之后就知道了，梦境（老虎）是都是自心变现出来的。
But after waking up, you realize that the dream (the tiger) was all created by your mind.
其实，虽然我们现在醒着，也是跟做梦一样的，我们看到的外面境相都是自心变现的。
In fact, although we are awake now, it's also like a dream, everything we see outside is created by our mind.
总之，色境是视觉反应，是想心所在色尘与眼根相互作用时，依阿赖耶识里的种子而变现出来的境相。
In short, visual objects are visual responses. They are manifested by the mental factor of perception, relying on the seeds in the store consciousness, when visible forms interact with the visual faculty.
有人问：其他四境也和色境一样吗？
Someone asked: Are the other four sense objects the same as visual objects?
答：其他四境声境、香境、味境、触境也和色境一样，也是同一层次上的心识现象，都属于心法。
Answer: The other four sense objects - auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile objects, are also mental phenomena on the same level as visual objects.
我们简单讲一下声境。
Let's briefly explain auditory objects.
耳根包括外耳、耳神经、脑皮层听区，它们都是由细胞组成，属于物质。
The auditory faculty includes the outer ear, auditory nerve, and the auditory area of the cerebral cortex. They are all made up of cells and are matter.
耳根也有内根，净色根，是一种极其微细的物质，肉眼不可见，天眼可见之。
Besides, there is also the internal auditory faculty, also known as the pure-form faculty, which is an extremely fine substance that is invisible to the physical eye but visible to the heavenly eye.
声尘，就是物理学上所说的声波，空气在振动就产生了声波。
Sounds refer to the sound waves in physics. When air vibrates, sound waves are produced.
振动频率为20-2000赫兹的声波，是人类能感受到的声波。
Sound waves with frequencies between 20 to 2000 Hertz can be perceived by humans.
声境是声尘与耳根相互作用，在心中产生的听觉反应。
Auditory objects are the auditory responses produced in the mind, when sounds interact with the auditory faculty.
味境是把食物放在嘴里，与舌根相互作用时，在心中产生的酸甜苦辣的味觉反应
Gustatory objects are the gustatory responses of sour, sweet, bitter, or spicy produced in the mind, when food interacts with the tongue.
香境是各种气体被吸入鼻孔中，与鼻根相互作用时，在心中产生的各种嗅觉反应。
Olfactory objects are the various olfactory responses produced in the mind, when various inhaled gases interact with the nose.
触境是各种物体接触身体不同部位，在心中产生的各种触觉反应。
Tactile objects are the various tactile responses produced in the mind, when different things touch different parts of the body.
总之，五境，色境、声境、香境、味境、触境都不是的客观存在，而是我们的视觉反应、听觉反应、嗅觉反应、味觉反应、触觉反应，
In summary, the five sense objects - visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile objects, don't exist objectively, but are our visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile responses.
也就是我们的心识现象，是心法。
In other words, they are mental phenomena.
易明之光 Mini读书@2023