第一辑 安乐与自在 Volume 1: Inner Peace and Freedom
第三章 变苦（快乐）增长贪欲，贪欲增长痛苦
Chapter 3: The Suffering of Change (Happiness) Increases Greed, While Greed Increases Suffering
我们一直在追求快乐，为什么得到的反而是痛苦？
从快乐到痛苦的循环，你能看得透吗？
We are constantly pursuing happiness, but why do we end up with suffering?
Can you see through the cycle from happiness to suffering?
今天，我们继续探讨变苦（快乐）和需求心。
Today, let's continue to explore the suffering of change (happiness) and desire.
上一节课，有讲到：如果一个人做一件事情，会缓解他心理上和生理上的痛苦，同时也会缓解他的负面情绪，那么，他就会对这种变苦（快乐）产生贪著心，希求痛苦的缓解继续下去，就会去不停地、重复地做这件事，一直到痛苦暂时解除，才会停下来。但是，痛苦和负面情绪还会再一次来侵袭，他只能继续重复地去做这件事。
In the previous lecture, we discussed that if a person does something that alleviates their psychological and physical suffering, as well as their negative emotions, then they will develop an attachment for this suffering of change (happiness), wanting this alleviation of suffering to continue. As a result, they will keep repeating this action until the suffering is temporarily removed. However, suffering and negative emotions will arise again, so they have to repeat this action over and over again.
所谓“贪著”，是指当变苦（快乐）产生时，心跟着耽著上去，就像油沾在布上一样，难以洗除。如是心耽著变苦（快乐），难以割舍。
The term "attachment" means that when the suffering of change (happiness) arises, the mind is attached to it, like oil stains on cloth that are difficult to wash away. When the mind is attached to the suffering of change (happiness), it is difficult to let go.
当我们不断重复地缓解痛苦时，就会增长我们的贪著心，而贪著心又会增长我们的求不得苦、爱别离苦以及各种心理上和生理上的痛苦。
As we repeatedly alleviate from suffering, our attachment grows, which further increases the suffering of not getting what one wants, the suffering of separation from what one loves, as well as various psychological and physical sufferings.
每一次，当我们重复地做这件事情的时候，就会重复地串习这个贪著心，然后就会变得更喜欢做这件事，这个贪著心就变成了贪爱心。
Every time when we repeat this activity, we habituate this attachment; then we become more fond of doing it, and this attachment turns into desire.
这时，做这件事情就变成了他的一个爱好，他就会更加频繁地去做这件事情。这样贪爱心不停地增长，就变成了贪欲心。
At this point, this activity has become one's hobby, and one will do it more frequently. As a result, the constantly growing attachment turns into greed.
随着贪欲心越来越强烈，他做这件事情就上瘾了，变成了贪婪心，也就是所谓的瘾君子。
As greed grows, one becomes addicted to the activity, and the greed turns into avarice. This is known as an addict.
“瘾”是什么意思呢？“瘾”在医学上的基本释义是：“由于神经中枢经常接受某种外界刺激而形成的习惯性或依赖性”。
What does "addiction" mean? In medical terms, "addiction" is defined as a habit or dependence formed due to frequent external stimuli on the central nervous system.
“瘾君子”就是指“某种嗜好不能自我控制的人”，所以说，上瘾就已经是病态了，治疗就比较困难。
"Addict" refers to a person who has a certain addiction beyond their control. Therefore, addiction is already pathological, which is difficult to treat.
当一个人对一件事上瘾的时候，就会严重影响到他的生活、家庭，还有工作，更严重的，甚至可能会走上犯罪的道路，从而带来身心上的各种痛苦。
When a person becomes addicted to something, it will severely impact their life, family, and work. In more severe cases, it may even lead them to commit crime, resulting in various physical and mental sufferings.
最典型的例子就是吸毒，我们以吸毒为例来讲一讲。吸毒的人大多数都是因为精神空虚、无聊、消极悲观；或者精神压力比较大；或者情绪长时间低落、抑郁；或者对生活有一种厌恶感、无奈感。
The most typical example is drug addiction, so let's use it as an example to elaborate. Most drug addictions are the result of spiritual emptiness, boredom, negativity and pessimism, high mental stress, long-term low mood or depression, or feeling disgusted and helpless about life.
吸毒可以麻痹人的神经系统，使整个身心得以暂时放松，会产生某些幻觉，甚至有飘飘欲仙的感觉，从而暂时缓解吸毒者精神上的空虚、颓废、忧郁等负面情绪。
Drugs can numb the nervous system, providing temporary relaxation to the body and mind. Under this influence, hallucinations and a sense of ecstasy may emerge, thereby temporarily alleviating the negative emotions such as spiritual emptiness, decadence, and depression.
但是吸毒犹如饮鸩止渴，等那个药劲过去了，他的经络又堵塞了、收紧了，他的神经系统就像一个拉变了形的弹簧一样，无法自然恢复，然后身心就会生起无法形容的、极度的痛苦。因此，他就需要更多的毒品来麻痹神经，打通经络，放松身心，缓解痛苦。
However, taking drugs is like drinking poison to quench thirst. After the drug's effects have diminished, their meridians become blocked and tightened again. Their nervous system, like a deformed mechanical spring, is unable to naturally recover. As a result, indescribable and excruciating suffering will arise in their body and mind. Consequently, they need more drugs to numb the nerves, open up the meridians, relax the body and mind, and alleviate the suffering.
其实，很多事情，我们如果经常去做，时间长了，做着做着就变成爱好了。例如赚钱、追剧、追星、音乐、书画、舞蹈、游戏、打球、运动、竞争、打麻将、赌博、做官，甚至包括追求真理等等。
In fact, many activities, if done frequently over time, will turn into hobbies. For example, making money, binge-watching, idolizing celebrities, music, calligraphy and painting, dancing, gaming, ball games, sports, competing, playing mahjong, gambling, pursuing power, and even seeking truth, etc.
在爱好的阶段，得不到满足会带来一些心理上的痛苦和负面情绪，但是还能克制；如果再接着做，越陷越深，那就跟爱好不一样了，上瘾了，得不到满足，心理上的痛苦和负面情绪就会很强烈，这个时候，我们就会不由自主了，时间长了，五脏六腑的功能都有可能开始紊乱，慢慢地，身体就会产生疾病。
During the hobby stage, not getting satisfied may bring some mental suffering and negative emotions, but it can still be controlled. However, if we continue to indulge in it and become increasingly immersed, it is no longer in the same category as hobbies—it becomes an addiction. If not satisfied, the mental suffering and negative emotions will be intense. At this point, we can't help ourselves. Over time, our organs may start to go wrong, and gradually, the body will fall ill.
例如，现在很多人都有心脏病、三高、癌症等等，心理上的疾病就更多了。各种各样身体上的怪病，还有各种各样心理上的疾病，导致各种生理上的痛苦，长时间的痛苦就会加速死亡。
For example, nowadays many people suffer from heart disease, the three highs, cancer, etc., and even more psychological illnesses. Various weird illnesses in the body and mind lead to various physical sufferings. Long-term suffering will accelerate death.
还有一种可能，就是当一个人做一件事，越做越上瘾，时间长了，他的求不得苦、爱别离苦等心理上的痛苦和各种负面情绪就会急剧地增加，然后长期地折磨他，他就会开始做一些违背道德甚至违反法律的事情，最后他可能生不如死，乃至自杀；也可能精神崩溃，被送入精神病院。
Another possibility is that when a person engages in an activity and becomes more and more addicted, then over time, the psychological suffering such as the suffering of not getting what one wants and the suffering of separation from what one loves, along with various negative emotions, will intensify and torture them for a long time. As a result, they may turn to immoral or even illegal activities. In the end, they may find life unbearable, or even commit suicide. They may also end up with a mental breakdown and be sent into a psychiatric hospital.
总之，贪爱的根源是变苦（快乐），贪爱心是对变苦（快乐）的贪著 不断地串习、增长造成的。
In summary, the root of desire is the suffering of change (happiness). By constantly habituating and increasing the attachment to the suffering of change (happiness), desire arises.
如果贪爱得不到满足，就会导致求不得苦、爱别离苦、怨憎会苦等心理上的痛苦，也会间接地导致身体上的疾病；
如果贪爱得到了满足，由于串习，贪爱心也会随之而不断地增长，变得越来越强烈，变成了贪欲心，甚至变成了贪婪心；
如果贪欲心和贪婪心不能继续得到满足，就会导致更强烈的心理上的痛苦和负面情绪，以及各种身体上的痛苦；
如果贪欲心和贪婪心能够持续地得到满足，那就更糟糕了，就会快速地消耗人的精炁神，使人迅速地老去、生病、死去。
If a desire is not satisfied, it will cause psychological sufferings such as the suffering of not getting what one wants, the suffering of separation from what one loves, and the suffering of encountering what one dislikes. It may also indirectly lead to physical illnesses.
If the desire is satisfied, then due to habituation, it will grow stronger, turning into greed or even avarice.
If the greed and avarice cannot be continuously satisfied, it will lead to stronger psychological suffering and negative emotions, as well as various physical pains.
If the greed and avarice can be continuously satisfied, that's even worse. It will quickly consume one's energy and spirit, causing rapid aging, illness, and death.
从另一个角度，我们来总结一下，人类在各种生理和心理上的需求的逼迫下，需要不断的探索和学习，找到快捷和便利的满足需求的方法，人类就要付出劳动，以获得满足需求的条件。
Now let's summarize from another perspective. Human beings, driven by various physical and psychological needs, have to constantly explore and learn to find fast and convenient ways to meet those needs. In order to get the conditions for satisfying their needs, humans have to work hard.
人类在满足需求的同时，生起贪着心，也会增长贪着心，而贪着心又会让人类产生各种生理上和心理上的痛苦。
While meeting their needs, attachment arises and grows, which further gives rise to various physical and psychological sufferings.
人类在各种生理和心理上的痛苦的逼迫下，不断地去寻求缓解的方法，当人类的痛苦得到缓解的同时，生起贪着心，也会增长贪着心，衍生嗔恨等各种负面情绪，恶性循环，这就是我们的人生。
Being compelled by various physical and psychological sufferings, humans are constantly seeking methods to alleviate them. Yet, when their suffering is alleviated, attachment arises and grows too, giving rise to various negative emotions such as anger, creating a vicious circle.
This is our life.
在科学技术高度发达的今天，整个世界，无论是东方还是西方，随着信仰的缺失、道德的滑坡，大多数的人类都是崇尚个人主义、享乐主义和自由主义，容易让人上瘾的事情越来越多，整个人类都在堕落，产生心理疾病的的病因越来越多，发病率也是越来越高。人类的未来实在是堪忧啊！
In this high-tech era, both in the East and the West, with the lack of faith and the decline in morality, most people advocate individualism, hedonism, and liberalism. More and more addictive activities are emerging, and humanity is falling from grace. More and more factors lead to psychological illnesses, and their incidence rate is also increasing. The future of humanity is really alarming!
易明之光 Mini读书@2023