第一辑 安乐与自在 Volume 1: Inner Peace and Freedom
第八章 缘起法则
Chapter 8: The Principle of Dependent Arising
一切科学和哲学的理论基础是什么？
宇宙间任何事物都离不开哪三个特征？
身体和心智是可以分开的吗？
What is the theoretical foundation of all science and philosophy?
What are the three characteristics of all things in the universe?
Can body and mind be separated?
爱因斯坦有一句著名的言论说：“上帝是不会掷色子的。”是说这个世界是统一的、和谐有序的、是遵循因果律的，上帝只赋予了人类的灵魂，在人类的灵魂里有自由意志，但也有四商和性格的差别。
Einstein had a famous quote, "God does not play dice." It means that this world is unified, harmoniously ordered, and follows the law of causality. God only gives humanity souls, where there is free will, as well as differences in the Four Quotients and personality.
在《我的世界观》这本书中，爱因斯坦用了好几篇文章来阐述他的宗教观，解释宗教与科学的关系。
In the book The World as I See It, Einstein used several articles to elaborate his religious views and explain the relationship between religion and science.
爱因斯坦说：“有某种东西是我们无法洞察的，只能以某种最原始的形式，才能把握那最深奥的理性和最灿烂的美，这种认识和情感构成了我的真正的宗教情怀。”他同时强调，只有从这个意义上讲，他才是一个具有深沉的宗教情怀的人。
Einstein said, "A knowledge of the existence of something we cannot penetrate, of the manifestations of the profoundest reason and the most radiant beauty, which are only accessible to our reason in their most elementary forms—it is this knowledge and this emotion that constitute the truly religious attitude." He also emphasized, "In this sense, and in this alone, I am a deeply religious man."
爱因斯坦告诉人们，对他来说，能觉察生命和意识的永恒奥秘，了解现实世界的神奇结构，领悟自然界展现出的理性，哪怕只能得到其中极小的部分，也心满意足了。也就是说，爱因斯坦承认，人类现有的理性是无法完全洞彻宇宙人生的奥秘的。
Einstein told people, "Enough for me the mystery of the eternity of life, and the inkling of the marvellous structure of reality, together with the single-hearted endeavour to comprehend a portion, be it never so tiny, of the reason that manifests itself in nature." In other words, Einstein acknowledged that the existing human reason is unable to fully penetrate the mysteries of the universe and life.
我们知道，现代科学的所有理论体系，是以公理为基础的。所谓公理，是指依据人类理性的不证自明的基本事实，经过人类长期反复实践的考察，不需要再加以证明的基本命题。举个例子，经过两点，有且只有一条直线。有因必有果，有果必有因。这都是公理。
We know that all theoretical frameworks of modern science are based on axioms. The so-called axioms are self-evident basic facts based on human reason. They are basic propositions which have been examined through long-term repeated practice and don't require further proof. For example, through two points, there is one and only one straight line. Every cause has an effect, and every effect has a cause. These are all axioms.
公理是一切定理的基础，定理是需要通过逻辑的方法被证明的。因果律就是公理，是一切科学和哲学的理论基础，没有因果律，所有的科学定理和哲学理论都无法建立。
Axioms are the foundation for all theorems, and theorems need to be proved through logical methods. The law of causality is an axiom, which serves as the theoretical foundation for all science and philosophy. Without the law of causality, all scientific theorems and philosophical theories cannot be established.
因果律，表示任何一种现象或者事物都必然有其原因，即“物有本末，事有终始”，也就是说，任何一种结果和现象都是由因缘和合而生。
The law of causality states that any phenomenon or thing must have its cause, that is, "Things have their root and branches, affairs have their end and beginning." In other words, any result or phenomenon arises from the combination of causes and conditions.
因果律也可以称为缘起法则，有以下三大特征：
The law of causality is also called the principle of dependent arising, with the following three characteristics:
一、果由因生：
Results arise from causes.
无因不能生果，有果必有其因。其具有时间序列性，原因必定在先，结果只能在后，二者的时间顺序不能颠倒。
No cause, no result; where there is a result, there must be a cause. It is sequential: causes always precede results, and their sequence cannot be reversed.
二、事待理成：
Everything follows the universal law.
客观现象之间的关系，它是客观存在的，并不以人的意志为转移，在事物中有其普遍的规律性。
The relationships among objective phenomena are objectively existing, not subject to human will, and universal.
如生必有死、聚必有散、合必有离、成必有坏，这是必然的法则。客观事物之间联系的多样性决定了因果关系的复杂性。
For example, birth is inevitably followed by death, gathering is inevitably followed by farewell, union is inevitably followed by separation, and formation is inevitably followed by destruction. These are universal laws. The diversity of connections among objective phenomena determines the complexity of causal relationships.
三、有依空立： Existence arises from emptiness.
所谓“生”，就是从无到有，所谓“灭”，就是从有到无，
The so-called "birth" means transitioning from non-existence to existence, and "cessation" means transitioning from existence to non-existence.
任何事物的产生，都是建立在空无的基础上的，都是先无后有的。任何事物的消亡，都是建立在逐渐变化的基础上的，都是渐变到空无。
The arising of anything is based on emptiness, from non-existence to existence. The cessation of anything is based on gradual change, gradually transitioning to emptiness.
任何事物的存在都要具备上述三个特征。
The existence of anything must have the above three characteristics.
我们以一棵树为例，树是果，当树的种子有合适的温度、湿度、足够的养料养分，它就会开始发芽，然后，在足够的阳光下，茁壮成长，最后开花结果，这叫“果由因生”；
Let's take a tree as an example. The tree is a result. When the tree seed has the right temperature, humidity, and sufficient nutrients, it starts to sprout. Then, with ample sunshine, it grows and finally blooms and bears fruits. This is known as "Results arise from causes."
树的基因决定了树的种性的差异，有它的普遍规律性，苹果的种子长不出梨树来，这叫“事待理成”；
The gene of a tree determines its species characteristics, following the universal law, so an apple seed cannot grow into a pear tree. This is known as "Everything follows the universal law."
这棵树，在未种之前它是不存在的，在种植之后才有了树，这叫“有依空立”。
Before being planted, the tree doesn't exist. It only comes into existence after being planted. This is known as "Existence arises from emptiness."
如果我们用这三个特征去检验事物的存在，就会发现宇宙间的任何事物都具备这三个基本特征，都离不开缘生缘灭，也就是因缘果生、因缘果灭的法则。
If we use these three characteristics to examine the existence of things, we will find that everything in the universe has these three basic characteristics. Nothing can escape dependent arising and cessation—the law that causes and conditions lead to arising and cessation.
万事万物都遵循因果律，都有前因后果。
All things follow the law of causality and have their corresponding causes and effects.
人类灵魂中的四商和性格的出厂模式只是一个结果，那么前因是什么呢？我们必须从因果律来谈这个问题。
The Four Quotients in the human soul and the factory setting of personality are just a result. So, what is the cause? We must discuss this question based on the law of causality.
在第五章我们已经论证了，人的四商是人的心智，人的四商和父母的四商差异非常大，四商的潜能不是来源于遗传，人类身体的基因是从父母那里遗传过来的，人类的身体只是心智的一个工具。
In Chapter 5, we have demonstrated that the Four Quotients are mental faculties. A person's Four Quotients are vastly different from their parents'. The potential of the Four Quotients is not inherited. The genes of the human body are inherited from parents, and the human body is just a tool of the mind.
从因果律、从缘起法则的角度来分析，人类灵魂中的四商和性格的出厂模式必然有其产生的原因，而人类灵魂中的自由意志是本来就有的。
Based on the law of causality or the principle of dependent arising, the Four Quotients in the human soul and the factory setting of personality must have their underlying causes, while free will is inherent in the human soul.
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