第一辑 安乐与自在 Volume 1: Inner Peace and Freedom
痛苦的种类
Chapter 1: Types of Sufferings
你不想要痛苦，却很少思考痛苦的根源是什么
你在追逐快乐，却不知道快乐的本质是什么
你想寻求自由，但并不明白什么才是真正的自由
你要像动物一样本能地活着吗？
You don't want suffering, yet seldom reflect on its root.
You pursue happiness, yet don't understand its essence.
You seek freedom, but fail to realize what is true freedom.
Do you want to live instinctively like an animal?
人类的痛苦，主要有两种：第一种是生理上的痛苦，通俗的说法就是身体上的痛苦；第二种是心理上的痛苦，主要根源于欲望和情绪，我们把它叫做求不得苦、爱别离苦和怨憎会苦。
There are two types of human suffering. The first is physical suffering, which is commonly referred to as pain of the body. The second is psychological suffering, which is mainly rooted in desires and emotions. We call it suffering of not getting what one wants, suffering of separation from what one loves, and suffering of encountering what one dislikes.
我们慢慢来分析，先讲身体上的痛苦。身体上的痛苦主要有几大类，分别是：病苦、受伤后肉体的疼痛、身体衰老的痛苦、死亡时肉体的痛苦。
Let's analyze it step by step, starting with physical suffering. There are several types of physical suffering: the suffering of illness, injury, aging, and dying.
我们以病苦为例：当人类生病的时候，身体的疼痛和不适感在持续地生起，甚至越来越强烈，同时可能还伴随着内心紧张、恐惧死亡、担忧工作、担忧儿孙、心疼金钱等等各种心理上的负面情绪。
Let's take the suffering of illness as an example. When humans fall ill, the physical pain and discomfort persists and may even intensify over time. Meanwhile, they may also have various negative emotions, such as stress, fear of death, worry about work, children and grandchildren, and worry about money.
我们举个例子，一个人得了急性鼻炎，鼻腔充血、鼻塞流涕、呼吸困难，头部和肺部都会感到不适，如果用药水点一点、通一通，鼻腔通畅后，他会感到舒适，心情也会好一些。
For example, if a person has acute rhinitis, he may suffer from nasal congestion, runny nose, difficulty breathing, and discomfort in the head and lungs. When applying medicine to clear the nasal passages, he will feel comfortable and his mood will improve as well.
人类在治疗疾病的过程中，当炎症或者病毒被消除时，病痛就会减轻甚至解除，身体感到舒适。当人类的疾病治愈之后，病痛解除的同时，身体的舒适感就会消失，随后心理上的各种负面情绪也会开始逐渐缓解，轻松愉悦的心情也会持续一小段时间。
While treating an illness, when inflammation or virus is cleared, the pain will diminish or even disappear, and the body will feel comfortable. After recovery, as the pain disappears, the physical comfort will disappear. Subsequently, the various negative emotions will also gradually alleviate, and a relaxing and joyful mood will last for a while.
再如，当一个人饥饿时，他会感到身体软弱无力，胃部感到不适、心慌，如果开始吃东西，饥饿的痛苦感逐渐缓解，体力也渐渐恢复，心理上的负面情绪也会消失，感到心情舒畅。
Similarly, when a person is hungry, he may feel weak, stomach discomfort, and anxiety. When he starts eating, the pain of hunger gradually alleviates, energy gradually recovers, negative emotions fade away, and happiness emerges.
总之，身体痛苦的缓解或解除产生的感受，就是身体的轻松、愉快或舒适之感受，这是同一种感受的两种不同的描述方式而已。
In short, the feeling that emerges from the relief or the elimination of physical pain is relaxation, pleasure, or comfort in the body. They are simply two different ways to describe the same feeling.
可是人类很愚痴，却贪著身体痛苦的缓解或解除产生的感受，而不想要痛苦。
However, humans are ignorant, clinging to the feeling that arises from the relief or the elimination of physical pain, while rejecting the pain itself.
人类的身体痛苦持续的时间是长的，而身体痛苦的缓解或解除产生的感受却是短暂的。
Physical pain is lasting, while the feeling that arises from the relief or the elimination of physical pain is fleeting.
所谓快乐，“快”是短暂的意思；“乐”是缓解、舒缓的意思。
In the term 'Kuai Le' (happiness), 'Kuai' means fleeting, while 'Le' means alleviation.
易明之光 Mini读书@2023